Gerund is a verbal that is formed by adding -ing to a verb. Gerund is used as a noun or adverb. Look at the examples,
• Reading may broaden your thinking. ("Reading" is used as noun, subject.)
• My favorite hobby is sleeping. ("Sleeping" is used as noun, subject complement.)
• I thanked him for helping. ("Helping" is used as noun, object of preposition.)
• He goes skiing every winter. ("Skiing" is used as an adverb telling place.)
Gerund phrase is a group of related words that begins with a gerund and ends with its object or modifiers.
Gerund phrase = Gerund + Object /Modifiers
Gerund phrase is used as noun or adverb.
AS NOUN
• Driving a car needs concentration. (Subject)
• Staying updated with technology is a key to success in job. (Subject)
• Thida has finished painting his room. (Direct object)
• My nephew loves playing computer games. (Direct object)
• She gives studying English her best effort. (Indirect object)
• Some people give playing chess their attention. (Indirect object)
• I am tired of waiting for him. (Object of preposition)
• The man has been accused of stealing the money. (Object of preposition)
• Success is not only earning a lot of money. (Subject complement)
• Our dream is owning a small shop.(Subject complement)
• Her favorite exercise, swimming in the pool, makes her body strong. (Appositive)
• His tough job, dealing with difficult customers, makes him tired. (Appositive)
AS ADVERB
• He usually goes camping in summer. (Adverb)
• Who did you go dancing with? (Adverb)
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